Which type of affix provides grammatical information about a word according to syntax rules?

Inflectional affixes play a crucial role in adding grammatical information to words, which helps define their syntactic functions in sentences. These affixes adjust the form of a word to express tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and case without changing the word's core meaning or its belonging to a specific lexical category. For example, adding an inflectional affix such as "-s" can indicate plural form, while "-ed" can denote past tense.

In contrast, derivational affixes create new words by changing the meaning or the part of speech of the base word, rather than providing grammatical context. Bound morphemes, while essential in language structure, refer more generally to morphemes that cannot stand alone and do not specifically indicate grammatical functions. Base morphemes are the root forms of words and do not change or add grammatical information on their own.