Which term describes a morpheme that can stand alone with a specific meaning?

The term that describes a morpheme that can stand alone with a specific meaning is indeed a base morpheme. Base morphemes are the fundamental units of meaning in a word and can function independently as words themselves. For instance, "cat" and "run" are base morphemes because they carry meaning on their own without needing to be attached to other morphemes.

On the other hand, bound morphemes cannot stand alone and must be attached to a base or other morphemes to convey meaning. Affixes, such as prefixes and suffixes, are types of bound morphemes that modify the meaning of base morphemes but do not carry meaning independently.

Derivational affixes are also bound morphemes used to create new words or change the grammatical category of a word but cannot stand alone as a meaningful unit. Hence, recognizing a base morpheme as the term that can occur independently is essential for understanding the structure and formation of words within language.