Which of the following examples is a type of formative assessment?

Formative assessment is designed to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to enhance their learning. Anecdotal records are a prime example of formative assessment because they involve systematic observations of students’ behaviors, skills, and progress over time. This type of assessment allows educators to gather qualitative information about a child’s understanding and growth, which can be used to tailor instruction to meet individual learning needs.

In contrast, end-of-unit tests, district assessments, and standardized tests are typically summative assessments. They are often administered at the end of a learning period to evaluate what students have learned and to measure their performance against established benchmarks. Summative assessments do not provide the same level of ongoing feedback and do not allow for immediate instructional adjustments based on student needs, which is a key characteristic of formative assessment. Therefore, the use of anecdotal records as a formative assessment tool is crucial for fostering a responsive and effective learning environment for young children.